birth: 2 October 1666, Vincennes (Val-de-Marne), France. For American-born Spaniards, at a stroke, the most wealthy and prestigious religious order that educated their sons and accepted a chosen few into their ranks were consigned to Italian exile. – Róma, 1527. május 6. The traditional friendship with Bourbon France brought about the idea that the power of Great Britain would decrease and that of Spain and France would do the opposite; this alliance was marked by a Family Compact signed on 15 August 1761 (called the "Treaty of Paris"). Vittorio Gleijeses, Don Carlos, Naples, Edizioni Agea, 1988, pp. The courage shown by Charles caused the King of Sardinia, his enemy, to write that "he revealed a worthy consistency of his blood and that he behaved gloriously".[26]. He was buried at the Pantheon of the Kings located at the Royal Monastery of El Escorial. Charles III University of Madrid, established in 1989 and one of the world's top 300 Universities,[48] is named after him. 10 May 1491 d. 28 April 1521. The young Louis XV of France would marry the three-year-old Infanta Mariana Victoria and thus she would become Queen of France; Charles's half brother Louis would marry the fourth surviving daughter of the regent, Louise Elisabeth. The regiments of Bourbon troops invaded the Papal States. To cut short protracted legal disputes, he was betrothed to Suzanne de Bourbon, and from that time was confirmed as Charles III Duc de Bourbon et d'Auvergne. In 1272, Robert, Count of Clermont , sixth and youngest son of King Louis IX of France , married Beatrix of Bourbon , heiress to the lordship of Bourbon and member of the House of Bourbon-Dampierre. [1] Also known as Charles I Cardinal de Bourbon. In 1734, King Charles III of Spain from the house of Bourbon took over rule from the Austrians and was crowned King Charles VII of Naples. Charles and his wife arrived in Barcelona on 7 October 1759. The first crisis that Charles had to deal with as king of Spain was the death of his beloved wife Maria Amalia. The marriage date was confirmed on 31 October 1737. During his rule the Roman cities of Herculaneum (1738), Stabiae and Pompeii (1748) were re-discovered. With the 1763 peace treaty ending the Seven Years' War, Spain regained its ports of Havana, Cuba, and Manila, in the Philippines. Other cities were improved during his reign; Seville for example saw the introduction of many new structures such as hospitals and the Archivo General de Indias. Lößlein, Horst. Under the terms of the treaty, the Spanish Empire retained its American territories and the Philippines, but ceded to Hapsburg Austria, the Southern Netherlands, the kingdoms of Naples and Sardinia, the Duchy of Milan, and the State of Presidi. The principles of the Enlightenment were applied to his rule in Naples, and he intended to do the same in Spain though on a much larger scale. The agreement was achieved on 12 May 1738. Charles had wanted to stay neutral during the conflict, but his father wanted him to join in and gather troops to aid the French. 3 July 1754 d. 11 May 1755, 31 December 1755 child birth: Portici, ♂ w Antonio d'Espagne [Bourbon-Anjou] b. He had the present National Art Museum of Queen Sofia (named in honor of the present Queen of Spain, born Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark) built, as well as the renowned Museo del Prado. Spanish troops led by the Count of Montemar attacked the Austrians on 25 May 1734 at Bitonto, and achieved a decisive victory. He commanded the Imperial troops of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in what became known as the Sack of Rome in 1527, where he was killed. 27 François I er (14 août 1777 – 8 novembre 1830) mort à 53 Charles III (en espagnol : Carlos III), né à Madrid le 20 janvier 1716 et décédé dans la même ville le 14 décembre 1788, est roi d'Espagne et des Indes de 1759 à 1788, à la mort de son demi-frère Ferdinand VI. During the clashes that followed, several Bourbon soldiers were killed, including an officer. Charles de Bourbon-Vendôme, comte de Vendôme, duc de Bourbon, was born 2 June 1489 in Château de Vendôme, Vendôme, France to François de Vendôme (1470-1495) and Marie de Luxembourg (c1462-1547) and died 25 March 1537 inAmiens, France of unspecified causes. Events. During his reign, he expelled the Jesuits from the Spanish Empire. The major Spanish objectives to invade Portugal and capture Jamaica were both failures. During his later years he had some trouble with his eldest son and daughter-in-law. Charles IV continued a number of policies of his more distinguished father, but was forced to abdicate by his son Ferdinand VII of Spain and then imprisoned by Napoleon Bonaparte who invaded Spain in 1808. In 1700, Charles's father, originally a French Bourbon prince, Philip of Anjou, became King of Spain as Philip V. For the remainder of his reign (1700–46), he continually attempted to regain the ceded territories in Europe. As a result, the Second Treaty of Vienna on 22 July 1731 officially recognized the young Infante Charles as Duke of Parma and Piacenza. He constructed a collection of palaces in and around Naples. In 1713, the Treaty of Utrecht concluded the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14) and reduced the political and military power of Spain, which the House of Bourbon had ruled since 1700. The Kingdom of Naples remained neutral during the Seven Years' War (1756–1763). On 20 January 1734, Charles, now 18, reached his majority, and was "free to govern and to manage in a manner independent its states". Naples, Museo Nazionale Di Capodimonte Charles III of Bourbon on a visit to Pope Benedict XIV in the Coffee House of the Quirinal by Giovanni Paolo Pannini . Menéndez-Pidal De Navascués, Faustino; (1999)El escudo; Menéndez Pidal y Navascués, Faustino; O´Donnell, Hugo; Lolo, Begoña. Two chroniclers of the era, the Florentine Bartolomeo Intrieri, and the Venetian Cesare Vignola made conflicting reports on the view of the situation by Neapolitans. "The expulsion of the Jesuits from Spain and Spanish America in 1767 in light of eighteenth-century regalism." Madrid: Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales. He and his wife had the Capodimonte porcelain Factory constructed in the city. He was the most popular king the Neapolitans had for years. The monarch is mounted and garbed in classical Roman fashion. This allowed Charles and his troops to advance onto the city of Naples itself. France and Savoy formed an alliance to acquire territory from Austria. "Flow and Ebb, 1700-1833" in, Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. birth: 1 November 1661, Fontainebleau, Île-de-France, France, birth: 4 November 1665, Neuburg an der Donau, birth: 26 July 1664, Neuburg an der Donau, birth: 19 September 1683, Versailles (France), birth: 11 November 1748, Portici, Kingdom of Naples, birth: 24 October 1804, Portici, Kingdom of Naples, birth: 6 October 1773, Paris, Ile-de-France, France. This move had a little practical effect: though a few Jews did come to Sicily, though there was no legal impediment to their living there, they felt their lives insecure, and they soon went back to Turkey. Léopold Jean Joseph Michel de Bourbon, prince de Naples et de Sicile puis des Deux-Siciles, prince de Salerne (1790-1851), est le quinzième enfant du roi Ferdinand I er des Deux-Siciles et de son épouse Marie-Caroline d'Autriche. Meanwhile, Charles had landed in Sicily. He created the Spanish Lottery and introduced Christmas cribs following Neapolitan models. 13 June 1747 d. 19 September 1777, 11 November 1748 child birth: Portici, Kingdom of Naples, ♂ Carlos Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno Jose Januario Serafin Diego de Borbón (Carlos IV) [Bourbon-Anjou] b. Britain's easy victories in capturing Spanish ports prompted Spain to create a standing army and local militias in key parts of Spanish America and fortify vulnerable forts. [35], In the Falklands Crisis of 1770 the Spanish came close to war with Great Britain after expelling the British garrison of the Falkland Islands. Notable ancestors includeCharlemagne (747-814), Alfred the Great (849-899), Henry II of England … Gaetano Falzone, Il Regno di Carlo di Borbone in Sicilia. Charles had become deeply concerned that British success in the Seven Years War would upset the balance of power, and they would soon seek to declare war against the Spanish Empire as well. As God has seen fit, in observing my just cause, to assist me, and facilitate with his powerful aid the most happy victory: I declare that it is my will that the aforementioned conquest pertain to you as its legitimate sovereign in the strongest sense possible: and in order that you may claim this right when and where convenient I have seen fit to make it manifest through this letter signed by my hand, and ratified by my undersigned Counseller and Secretary of State and Office. Cardinal and Duke of Bourbon and Auvergne. Charles de Bourbon Il est usuel de considérer Charles comme le premier Roi de Naples de la dynastie bourbonienne et, en effet, il est assurément le grand restaurateur du Royaume. Taxes were collected by tax farming through low paid employees who supplemented their income by the exploitation of their position. They hoped that Philip would give the kingdom to Charles, who would be more likely to live and rule there, rather than having a viceroy and serve a foreign power. In 1735, pursuant to the treaty ending the war, Charles formally ceded Parma to Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI in exchange for his recognition as King of Naples and Sicily. Charles V the Wise Capet-Valois of France, King of France, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Touraine, Count of Valentinois, was born 21 January 1338 in Vincennes to Jean II de Valois (1319-1364) and Bonne of Bohemia (1315-1349) and died 16 September 1380 of unspecified causes. This choice was sharply criticized by the Neapolitan Ambassador in Turin, Domenico Caraccioli, who wrote: "The position of Italian matters is not more beautiful; but it is worsened by the fact that the King of Naples and the King of Sardinia, adding troops to larger forces of the others, could oppose itself to the plans of their neighbors; to defend itself against the dangers of the peace of the enemies themselves they were in a way united, but they are separated by their different systems of government."[30]. During his early rule in Spain, he appointed Italians, including the Marquess of Esquilache and Duke of Grimaldi, who supported reforms by Count of Campomanes. The Count of Campomanes tried to show Charles that the true leaders of the revolt against Esquilache were the Jesuits. The title of Prince of Asturias was given to Charles, the second-born. Charles inspected the Spanish troops at Perugia, and marched toward Naples on 5 March. The Kingdom of Naples was an ancient fief of the Papal States. His cousin Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, was named his co-tutor and despite Charles being the second in line to inherited Tuscany, th… Charles III de Bourbon, (c.1554 - June 15, 1610), was Archbishop of Rouen, and the illegitimate son of Antoine de Bourbon, king of Navarre, and his mistress Louise de La Béraudière du Rouhet. Charles III de Bourbon, né le à Montpensier, mort le à Rome, fut duc de Bourbon et d'Auvergne ainsi que comte de Montpensier, dauphin d'Auvergne, comte de Clermont en Beauvaisis, de Forez, de la Marche et sire de Beaujeu de 1505 à 1523, prince des Dombes. This was intended to emphasize that he was the first king of Naples to live there, and to mark the discontinuity between him and previous rulers named Charles, specifically his predecessor, the Habsburg Charles VI. Other buildings he had built in his kingdom were the Palace of Portici (Reggia di Portici), the Teatro di San Carlo—constructed in just 270 days—and the Palace of Capodimonte (Reggia di Capodimonte); he also had the Royal Palace of Naples renovated. In his domestic life, King Charles was regular, and was a considerate master, though he had a somewhat caustic tongue and took a rather cynical view of humanity. Maria Amalia was only 13 when she was informed of her proposed marriage. For important reasons and powerful, necessary motives I had resolved that, in the case that my royal forces, whom I have dispatched to Italy to make war with the Emperor, should take control of the kingdom of Naples, it should rest in your possession as though you had acquired it with your own forces. Phone Number 2. Maria Amalia was married by proxy at Dresden in May 1738, with her brother Frederick Christian of Saxony representing Charles. There they awaited reinforcements sufficient to defeat the Spanish. div.h, div.hb, div.hr { border-right-width: 2px; height: 4.5em; width: 1em; } The army passed through the Papal States then ruled by Clement XII.[11]. [42], Charles sent José de Gálvez as inspector general (visitor) to New Spain in 1765 to find ways to extract further revenue from its richest overseas possession and to observe conditions. . (Francis I of the Two Sicilies), Carlota Joaquina Teresa Cayetana de Borbón, Maria Dorothea Luise Wilhelmine Caroline of Württemberg, Hermine von Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, Henrietta Alexandrine Frederika Wilhelmine of Nassau-Weilburg, Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz of Austria, Rainer Joseph Johann Michael Franz Hieronymus of Austria, Franz Joseph Karl von Habsburg-Lothringen, Elisabeth Wilhelmine Luise von Württemberg, Ferdinando Giuseppe Giovanni Baptista Habsburg-Tuscany. Although there were European conflicts to contend with, he died in 1788, months before the eruption of the French Revolution in July 1789. Sous Charles III, Naples est une des principales capitales européennes. Under Charles's reign, Spain began to be recognized as a nation state rather than a collection of kingdoms and territories with a common sovereign. He incorporated these formerly privileged entities into the Cortes of Castile, in effect, the Cortes of Spain. The example of his actions and works was not without effect on other Spanish nobles. Ferdinand III de Bourbon-Deux-Siciles, duc de Calabre 1869-1960 Marié le 31 mai 1897 (lundi), München, Bayern, Allemagne, avecMaria Ludwiga Theresia von Bayern 1872-1954; Charles Tancrède de Bourbon-Deux-Siciles 1870