Access to the full text of the entire article is only available to members of institutions that have purchased access. One of these eternal laws that Le Bon constantly invoked is the futility of rationality in the affairs of society: an idea does not prevail because it is true, but by virtue of psychological mechanisms that have nothing to do with reason, such as repetition and “mental contagion.” These mechanisms permit an idea to penetrate into the unconscious, and it is only when an idea does become part of the unconscious that it becomes effective for action. … Meanwhile, the Arabs well ruled the Spaniards, the same as they had done with those of Syria and Egypt. Among his famous books is La Civilization des Arabes (The Civilization of the Arabs), one of the most fundamental books written in Europe in the modern age, impartial and objective in judgment on Arab and Islamic civilization. The Psychology Of Peoples Sein bekanntestes Werk ist das 1895 veröffentlichte Buch Psychologie der Massen. That is, he did not exterminate them entirely: he rather levied upon them a very little Jizyah and forbade the Muslims to take anything from them.”[17], “The Bedouin tribes in the Arab Peninsula adopted a religion brought by an unlettered person by virtue of which they established, within less than fifty years, a great state like that of Alexander and adorned it with many magnificent buildings which stand as a miraculous sign. See also what's at your library, or elsewhere. Gustave Le Bon (7 de mayo, 1841 - 13 de diciembre, 1931) fue un sociólogo y físico aficionado, en el campo de la psicología social es una gran influencia por sus aportaciones sobre la dinámica social y grupal. Gustave Le Bon (7. května 1841, Nogent-le-Rotrou – 13. prosince 1931, Marnes-la-Coquette) byl francouzský sociální psycholog, sociolog, antropolog a amatérský fyzik. This is why the credit of Muhammad on the Arabs was extremely great.”[26], One of the greatest personalities known in history, “Since the value of men is measured with what they do of glorious deeds, Muhammad is one of the greatest personalities known in history. The numerous Christian churches they built during the Arab reign give a clear proof that the Arabs respected the creeds of other nations which submitted to their authority.”[15], “The Arab civilization produced by the followers of Muhammad  was subject to the same norms which governed the previous civilizations in the world: emergence, evolution, decline and death. Thus, a lot of peoples very easily adopted their religion, systems and language, which established itself, resisted all invasions and survived even after the disappearance of Arab sovereignty from the scene. Although Gustave Le Bon was originally trained as a physician, Le Bon's primary contribution was in sociology, where he developed major theories on crowd behavior.. “We see from the Qur’anic verses that Muhammad’s toleration with the Jews and Christians was so great as none among the founders of the religions before him, of Judaism or Christianity, had never been, and we would see how his successors followed his method in this respect. It exempts the patriarchs, monks and their servants from taxes. A dynamic table of contents enables to jump directly to the chapter selected. sociologue français, 1841-1931. Muhammad challenged both men and jinn to produce the like of the Quran and this was the strongest indication to the truth of his message. Its “soul” is determined by three factors: (1) its number; (2) the force of contagion or imitation; and (3) hypnotic suggestion. Tweeter. Few are the ethnic groups which rose and declined like the Arabs. The Arabs left the conquered free to practice their religions. Whenever anyone of them spoke, attention would be paid to him with great respect and he would be asked to rely only on a logical rather than textual proof. Le Bon practiced medicine in Paris after finishing his medical studies in 1866. If it happened that some Christians embraced Islam and took Arabic as their language, this was due to the justice they saw from the victorious Arabs the like of which they did not see from their previous masters, in addition to the ease of Islam which they knew not before.”[3], “It has been proven throughout history that religions cannot be imposed by force. Gustave Le Bon was born on May 7, 1841, in Nogent-le-Retrou. His works include: La Civilization des Arabes (1884); La Psychologie des Foules (1895); La Psychologie de l’éducation (1910); Les opinions et les croyances (1911); La révolution française et la psychologie des Révolutions (1912); Enseignements psychologiques de la guerre européenne (1915); Premières conséquences de la guerre (1916); Hier et demain. Among his famous books is La Civilization des Arabes (The Civilization of the Arabs), one of the most fundamental books written in Europe in the modern age, impartial and objective in judgment on Arab and Islamic civilization. It would not be verbose to refer to what is translated by monsieur Dousi about one of the Arab scholars who devoted himself in Baghdad to many lessons in philosophy attended by Jews, atheists, Magians, Muslims, Christians and others. Gustave Le Bon (urodził się 7 maja 1841 w Nogent-le-Rotrou; zmarł 13 grudnia 1931 w Paryżu) – francuski socjolog i psycholog.Le Bon i Gabriel Tarde uznawani są za inicjatorów psychologii społecznej i głównych przedstawicieli psychologizmu w socjologii. The opposite was true of the Arabs, who very quickly founded a new civilization extremely different from those prior to it and succeeded in attracting numerous peoples to their religion and language, not to mention their new civilization.”[19], Europe, in its civilization, is indebted to the Arabs, “The Arabs had a great influence on the West, and Europe, in its civilization, is indebted to the Arabs. Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931), a French social psychologist, is often seen as the father of the study of crowd psychology. يصدر عن قصة الإسلام موقع قصة الإسلام لايت الذي تهتم بالموضوعات الخفيفة والمشوقة التي تتعلق بالتاريخ. A similar toleration was shown by the Arabs in all Syrian cities, whose inhabitants soon accepted the sovereignty of the Arabs and most of them embraced Islam instead of Christianity and learnt Arabic as well.”[5], “The conduct of the Commander of the Believers, ‘Umar ibn al-Khattâb, in Jerusalem (Bayt al-Maqdis) proves how kindly the Arab conquerors dealt with the conquered peoples, the opposite of what was done by the Crusaders in Jerusalem many centuries later. : Taylor and Francis. ‎The Crowd Gustave Le Bon, french social psychologist, sociologist, anthropologist, inventor, and amateur physicist (1841-1931) This ebook presents «The Crowd», from Gustave Le Bon. [30] Gustave La Bon, La Civilization des Arabes, 618. how to order. It is a moment of crisis, in the literal sense of that word. Charles-Marie Gustave Le Bon est né à Nogent-le-Rotrou, dans le Centre-Val de Loire, le 7 mai 1841. A dynamic table of contents allows you to jump directly to the work selected. Gustave Le Bon. ‘Umar ibn al-Khattâb did not harm the Christians when he entered Jerusalem (Bayt al-Maqdis), whereas when the Christians entered it, they slew the Muslims and burnt the Jews mercilessly.”, In his book, A Religious Trip in the East, monk Michaud says: “Unfortunately, the Christians learnt from the Muslims the toleration which is the sign of doing good among nations, showing respect for the creeds of others and abstention from imposing any dogma upon them by force.””[13], “The political ingenuity of the early caliphs was no less than the military skill they acquired very soon. Nevertheless, the Qur’an did not spread by the sword. In the following sentences I am going to quote from the books of many of them, which proves that our opinion on this issue is not just ours. Entries cover individuals, coteries, movements, and events. Within less than a century, they were able to cultivate dead land, build up ruined cities, construct magnificent buildings and establish trade connections with other nations. يشرف على بوابة قصة الإسلام الأستاذ الدكتور راغب السرجاني، المؤرخ والباحث ومؤلف العديد من النظريات التاريخية. Muhammad forbade killing monks because they devoted themselves to worship. Le Bon was a direct descendant of Jean-Odet Carnot, whose grandfather, Jean Carnot, had a brother, Denys, from whom the fifth president of the French Third Repu… Ta… The crowd’s “collective mind” responds to suggestions more readily than the individual minds of its members, hence its “servility” in the face of strong authority. Gustave Le Bon : parcours d'un intellectuel, 1841-1931 by Benoit Marpeau ( Book ) Gustave Le Bon by Raymond Queneau ( Book ) ‘Umar entered the city in the company of only a small number of Muslims and asked Patriarch Safronius to accompany him in his tour to the holy sites. No doubt, the barbarous Christian Europe would have gotten the same flourishing civilization which Spain obtained under the banner of Arab civilization and, after being edified, would have avoided such severe catastrophes of religious wars, the epic of San Barthélémy, the wrongdoings of inquisitions and, in short, all calamities from which the Muslims were far yet tinted Europe with blood along many centuries.”[12]. He also has many contributions in social sciences, the most important of which is the theory of Crowd Psychology which is a branch of social psychology. Fue autor de numerosos trabajos en los que expuso teorías sobre los rasgos nacionales, la superioridad racial, el comportamiento y la psicología de las masas. During the 9th and 10th centuries, when Arab civilization in Spain was very bright, the centers of culture in the West were no more than towers inhabited by brutal seniors proud of being unlettered. Such outcomes, as I have mentioned more than once, could never have been achieved by force nor had they been attained by these who ruled Egypt before the Arabs.”[7], “The Arabs completed the conquest of Spain very quickly because the big cities hastened to open their gates to the conquerors that entered Cordoba, Malaga, Granada and Toledo, almost with a peace treaty. After completing medical studies in Paris he traveled extensively and wrote on a variety of topics ranging from premature burial to equitation. In The Laws of Imitation (1880), he suggests that imitation drives the development of language…. Le Bon, Gustave (1841–1931). Gustave Le Bon nació el 7 de mayo de 1841, en Nogent-le-Rotrou, Francia. Table of Co… He also made the Ka‘bah an Islamic place of worship and soon it became the main house of Islam.”[28], You are indeed on a high model of moral character, “Muhammad was a man of noble manners, wisdom, kindheartedness, compassion, mercy, truthfulness and trustworthiness.”[29], “Few are the nations that excelled the Arabs in civility. Gustave le Bon (1841-1931) He was a French Orientalist and researcher in sociology and psychology. The person Le Bon, Gustave, 1841-1931 represents an individual (alive, dead, undead, or fictional) associated with resources found in Boston University Libraries. Le Bon (Gustave, 1841-1931) auteur, déresponsabilisation, foule, groupe, Le Bon, masse, psychologie sociale . Merrill, Trevor. Nogent-le-Retrou 1841 - Paris 1931. Retrieved 21 Dec. 2020, from https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/le-bon-gustave-1841-1931. Gustave Le Bon was a French doctor and sociologist and a pioneering figure in social psychology. 5/7/1841 in Nogent-le-Retrou) p. 262 (d. 12/15/1931) doi:10.4324/9781135000356-REM1586-1, https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/le-bon-gustave-1841-1931, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, an Informa Group Company, Discover key events and debates that shaped the Modernist movement, Edward Louis Bernays retains a place in the history of modernity for synthesizing Freudian psychology, political communication (or propaganda) and the media. 6 by Gustave Le Bon; Psychologie de l'éducation by Gustave Le Bon. Since the very first events, they contacted the native inhabitants of the neighboring territories who, suffering for long centuries from the transgression of their conquerors, were willing to receive, with warmth and gladness, any new conqueror to lighten the severe pressure from them. This influence on the West could be perceived only by imagining the state in which Europe was before civilization was brought to it. This seemed clearer in Egypt whose Persian, Greek and Roman conquerors did not succeed in changing the ancient Pharaonic civilization and replacing it with their own.”[10], “The Arabs of Spain had ideal chivalry by virtue of their great toleration. … But even, the different peoples had never known tolerant conquerors like the Arabs nor a religion like theirs.”[9], “The forbearance and toleration that characterized the Arab conquerors, of which historians were ignorant, seemed to explain to what extent they were able to expand their conquests. In his refutation to the argument that this battle rescued the West and Christianity from the Arabs, La Bon says: “Suppose that the Christians failed to overcome the Arabs and that the Arabs found the climate of northern France neither rainy nor cold in such a way that it was pleasant to them to stay there forever, what would Europe have gotten from that? They left them free with their property, churches and laws and made their own (rather than the Muslim) judges responsible for their legal affairs. Date Accessed 21 Dec. 2020 https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/le-bon-gustave-1841-1931. That toleration was recognized by some European scholars who had doubts or those few in number who believed and gazed at the history of the Arabs. Meanwhile, the most knowledgeable among the Christians were from the poor, ignorant monks who stayed in their churches to submissively erase the valuable books of the ancients to have enough scrolls to transcribe the books of worship.”[20], “The civil affair of the Arabs did not seem, in any country they ruled, clearer as it did in Spain which had no civilization before the Arab conquest and then came to have a flourishing civilization in the era of the Arabs before it fell to the lowest bottom of degradation after their evacuation.”[21], “The Arabs had no sooner completed their conquest of Spain than they began to carry out the message of civilization in it. Gustave Le Bon, né le 7 mai 1841 à Nogent-le-Rotrou et mort le 13 décembre 1931 à Marnes-la-Coquette, est un médecin, anthropologue, psychologue social et sociologue français. Mai 1841 in Nogent-le-Rotrou; † 13. Dezember 1931 in Paris) war ein französischer Mediziner, Anthropologe, Psychologe, Soziologe und Erfinder. Contributon Biography His greatest contribution was the book he wrote in 1895 called "The Crowd:A study of the popular mind". In addition he traveled extensively in Europe, Asia, and North Africa and composed a series of travelogues and works on archeology and anthropology, including "La Civilisation des Arabes" and "Les Civilisations de l'Inde" … تشتمل على موسوعة من الآف الموضوعات والبحوث والدراسات الموثقة والمواد الصوتية والمرئية والإنفوجرافيك، التي تتناول التاريخ والحضارة الإسلامية بأسلوب سلس وممتع، كما تتناول تراجم موثقة لأبرز الشخصيات التاريخية المؤثرة في التاريخ والحضارة الإنسانية. Le Bon analyzed different kinds of crowds, including criminal crowds, electoral crowds, and parliamentary assemblies. Ordinary people can typically gain direct power by acting collectively. The primary criterion…, We are living in a very singular moment of history. After completing medical studies in Paris he traveled extensively and wrote on a variety of topics ranging from premature burial to equitation. Beginning in 1902, his Wednesday luncheons attracted the Parisian intellectual and social elite. In The Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism. Gustave Le Bon (* 7. The Barbarians who occupied the Roman world, Turks and others, regardless of founding great states, did not establish a civilization and, therefore, the purpose of their existence was to utilize, even with great difficulty, the civilizations of the nations they conquered. In his works, he recognizes the credit of Arab and Islamic civilization on European and Western civilization, not only by transmitting the Greek and Indian cultures but also by making its own tradition. From La Civilization des Arabes (the Civilization of the Arabs): “Islam, from among all religions, best suits the science discoveries and is the most ready to edify souls and force them to abide by justice, kindness and toleration.”[1], “With the flourishing of Arab civilization, religious toleration was absolute – a fact for which we have brought more than one indication. Le Bon, Gustave (1841–1931). [1] Gustave La Bon, La Civilization des Arabes, (adapted from the Arabic translation), 126. They levied upon them only a fixed annual Jizyah as little as no more than a dinar per noble and half a dinar per slave. No ethnos like the Arabs could be fit for a living example of the influence of the factors lying behind the foundation, magnificence and decline of states.”[30]. Charles Marie Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931) Gustave Lebon (1841-1931) Ä Å«stāf LÅ« BÅ«n (1841-1931) (arabe) غوستاف لو بون (1841-1931) (arabe) ISNI : ISNI 0000 0001 2100 6485: Information (catalogue BnF archives et manuscrits) : Médecin, Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931), fut chargé pendant la guerre de 1870 d'une des divisions des ambulances militaires volantes de l'armée de Paris. His La Civilization des Arabes (the Civilization of the Arabs) is a clear witness to Islam and Islamic civilization. Le Bon, Gustave (1841-1931). Since the value of the civilizational influence of a nation on another is determined by the extent it develops and reforms it, the conclusion will be that the Arabs had a great influence on Sicily.”[23], “It is attributed to Bacon, in general, that he was the first to hold experiment and observation, the pillars of the modern scientific methodology, in the position of the instructor. Crowds are credulous, unpremeditated in their actions, and untrustworthy as a source of reliable testimony. The Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism. About the author: Charles-Marie Gustave le Bon (1841–1931) was one of France’s most famous polymaths, who wrote and studied extensively in the fields of anthropology, psychology, and science. It was these who civilized Europe physically, mentally and morally and no nation along history has ever produced the like of what they produced within such a short time and no people have ever excelled them in artistic innovation.”[25], The best nation to be produced for the people, “However, the achievements made by Muhammad in the Arab territories went beyond those of all religions before Islam, including even Judaism and Christianity. ‎2 works of Gustave Le Bon French social psychologist, sociologist, Anthropologist, inventor, and amateur physicist (1841-1931) This ebook presents a collection of 2 works of Gustave Le Bon. Online Books by. Le Bon, Gustave (1841?-1931). *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. 1/ Les contenus accessibles sur le site Gallica sont pour la plupart des reproductions numériques d'oeuvres tombées dans le domaine public provenant des collections de la BnF.Leur réutilisation s'inscrit dans le cadre de la loi n°78-753 du 17 juillet 1978 : found: Rouvier, C. Les idées politiques de Gustave Le Bon, c1986: p. 261 (b. He imposed only a little Jizyah on them. Obtuvo el título de doctor en 1876. At the time of Le Bon's birth, his mother, Annette Josephine Eugénic Tétiot Desmarlinais, was twenty-six and his father, Jean-Marie Charles Le Bon, was forty-one and a provincial functionary of the French government. To receive the latest topics on email directly as they are published, All rights reserved to Islam story website ©2012. Le Bon, Gustave لوبون، غوستاف، 1841-1931 Le Bon, G. (Gustave), 1841-1931 Gustave Le Bon لو بون، جوستاف، 1841-1931 لوبون، غوستاف Лебон, Г. Politically, they founded one of the greatest states known in history and civilized Europe culturally and morally. Gustave Le Bon (Le Bon, Gustave, 1841-1931) A Wikipedia article about this author is available.. The more tolerant Islam seems to be, the stronger it becomes internally and externally. Gustave Le Bon, Bases scientifiques d'une philosophie de l'histoire. Gustave Le Bon was a French doctor and sociologist and a pioneering figure in social psychology. Psychologie des foules / par Gustave Le Bon. Le Bon, Gustave, 1841-1931: The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (HTML at Virginia) Le Bon, Gustave, 1841-1931: The Psychology of Revolution (HTML at Virginia) Le Bon, Gustave, 1841-1931: The Psychology of Socialism (PDF at McMaster) تضم بوابة قصة الإسلام العديد من التطبيقات الفرعية مثل: المنتديات، والمكتبات، والإنفوجرافيك. doi:10.4324/9781135000356-REM1586-1, Merrill, T.(2016). This rudimentary theory of learning was first formulated when he was stud… The Psychology Of Peoples [Le Bon, Gustave 1841-1931] on Amazon.com. Le Bon, Gustave, 1841-1931. Charles-Marie Gustave Le Bon was born in Nogent-le-Rotrou, Centre-Val de Loire on 7 May 1841 to a family of Breton ancestry.