[81], The Governor of the Makkah Province and accompanying dignitaries clean the interior of the Kaaba using cloths dipped in Zamzam water scented with Oud perfume. It is approximately 13.1 m (43 ft 0 in) tall (some claim 12.03 m or 39 ft 5 1⁄2 in), with sides measuring 11.03 m × 12.86 m (36 ft 2 1⁄2 in × 42 ft 2 1⁄2 in). When Muhammad’s forces conquered Mecca in 630, he ordered the destruction of the pagan idols housed in the shrine and ordered it cleansed of all signs of polytheism. [Quran 22:26–33], According to Islamic tradition, over the millennia after Ishmael's death, his progeny and the local tribes who settled around the Zamzam well gradually turned to polytheism and idolatry. [1] It is the most sacred site in Islam. Grunebaum in Classical Islam points out that the experience of divinity of that period was often associated with the fetishism of stones, mountains, special rock formations, or "trees of strange growth. The floor of the interior stands about 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in) above the ground area where tawaf is performed. Accept (this service) from us: For Thou art the All-Hearing, the All-knowing. 'Depiction') of Maryam and 'Isa. The idol was made of red agate and shaped like a human, but with the right hand broken off and replaced with a golden hand. The building is opened biannually for the ceremony of "The Cleaning of the Sacred Kaaba" (Arabic: تنظيف الكعبة المشرفة, romanized: Tanzif al-Ka'bat al-Musharrafah, lit. Lamp-like objects (possible lanterns or crucible censers) hang from the ceiling. The town is absent, however, from any known geographies or histories written in the three centuries before the rise of Islam. They depict it as a city grown rich on the proceeds of the spice trade. Muslim worshippers pray at the Kaaba, Islam’s holiest shrine, at the Grand Mosque in Saudi Arabia’s holy city of Mecca, June 23, during the last Friday of the holy month of Ramadan. 'House of God') and is the qibla (Arabic: قِبْلَة, direction of prayer) for Muslims around the world when performing salah. Die Kaäba of Ka'aba (Arabies: الكعبة) is ’n vierkantige geboutjie op die binneplein van die Groot Moskee in Mekka, Saoedi-Arabië, wat deur Moslems beskou word as die heiligste plek op aarde.. It is located inside the Grand Mosque in Makkah (Mecca) Saudi Arabia. It took its present name from what it had been, since the memory of the place was preserved with the generations of their race. [8] The iconography in the Kaaba also included paintings of other prophets and angels. …to a local shrine, the Kaʿbah. After the Muslim migration, or Hijrah, to Medina, the qiblah briefly switched to Jerusalem before returning to the Kaaba. Difficile de croire que des personnes continuent d'être inhumées dans ce sanctuaire vieux de plus de 1400 ans. [2] It is considered by Muslims to be the Bayt Allah (Arabic: بَيْت ٱللَّٰه, lit. If possible, Muslims are to kiss or touch it, but this is often not possible because of the large crowds. Usually, the entire process is completed in two hours. A house for the people. This is the second dateable text mentioning the Kaaba, first being some verses from the Quran. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The Kaaba has been destroyed, damaged, and subsequently rebuilt several times since. [20] Again, Crone disputes this etymology. ], ille esseva pardonate per Deo.In le angulo nord-est es Hajar Al-Aswad, le petra nigre.Illo es ubicate in le moschea del Haram.. Every Muslim who makes the pilgrimage is required to walk around the Kaaba seven times, during which he or she kisses and touches the Black Stone. Timur Kuran, “Commercial Life under Islamic Rule,” in The Long Divergence : How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East. The Kaaba functions as the qibla, or the direction in which Muslims pray towards 5 five times a day. Ibn Kathir regarded this tradition as weak and preferred instead the narration by Ali ibn Abi Talib that although several other temples might have preceded the Kaaba, it was the first Bayt Allah ("House of God"), dedicated solely to Him, built by His instruction, and sanctified and blessed by Him, as stated in Quran 22:26–29. [80] Members of the tribe greet visitors to the inside of the Kaaba on the occasion of the cleaning ceremony. 'The Cube', Arabic pronunciation: [kaʕ.bah]), also spelled Ka'bah or Kabah, sometimes referred to as al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah (Arabic: ٱلْكَعْبَة ٱلْمُشَرَّفَة, romanized: al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah, lit. [39][20] G. E. von Grunebaum states: "Mecca is mentioned by Ptolemy. [38], Writing in the Encyclopedia of Islam, Wensinck identifies Mecca with a place called Macoraba mentioned by Ptolemy. The ceremony takes place on the 1st of Sha'baan, the eighth month of the Islamic calendar, approximately thirty days before the start of the month of Ramadan and on the 15th of Muharram, the first month. 'Honored Ka'bah'), is a building at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. (Princeton University Press, 2011), 45–62. [77][78] To be in a state of Wudu (ablution) is mandatory while performing tawaf as it is considered to be a form of worship ('ibadah). Or, le verset 2-127, dit que c'est Ibrahim sws et son fils ismail sws. Facts about Kaaba 5: They keys to the Kaaba are kept by a specific tribe. This is an early record from the Rashidun caliphate, of a Christian origin that explicitly mentions the Kaaba, and confirms the idea that not just the Arabs but certain Christians as well, associated the site with Abraham in the seventh century. The Kaaba marked the location where the sacred world intersected with the profane; the embedded Black Stone was a further symbol of this as a meteorite that had fallen from the sky and linked heaven and earth. [56][55][57], Narrated Abdullah: When the Prophet entered Mecca on the day of the conquest, there were 360 idols around the Kaaba. In the Qur'an, the Ka'bah is also mentioned by the following names: The masjid surrounding the Kaaba is called al-Masjid al-Haram ("The Sacred Mosque"). Prior to Islam throughout the Arabian Peninsula, the Kaaba was a holy site for the various Bedouin tribes of the area. It is much more than a mosque; it is believed to be the place where the heavenly bliss and power touches the earth directly. After the construction was complete, God enjoined the descendants of Ishmael to perform an annual pilgrimage: the Hajj and the Korban, sacrifice of cattle. 'going about') is one of the Islamic rituals of pilgrimage and is compulsory during both the Hajj and Umrah. C'est l'histoire de la Ka'aba et les personnes qui l'ont protégé et est resté ses gardiens et les protecteurs de la satanique et les forces du mal dans l'histoire. This combat-free zone allowed Mecca to thrive not only as a place of pilgrimage, but also as a trading center.[17]. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Kaʿbah, shrine in the Great Mosque, Mecca. Each pilgrim who undertakes the Hajj circles the shrine seven times, touching the Black Stone for forgiveness. This short Nestorian (Christian origin) chronicle written no later than the 660s CE covers the history up to the Arab conquest and also gives an interesting note on Arabian geography. One of them reads as follows: "God suffices and wrote Maysara bin Ibrahim Servant of the Kaaba (Khadim al-Kaaba)."[47]. Trouvez les Kaaba images et les photos d’actualités parfaites sur Getty Images. Indeed, it was no new thing for the Arabs to worship there, but goes back to antiquity, to their early days, in that they show honor to the father of the head of their people."[46]. The…. If you like Kaaba as the holiest place of the world in Islam you can join us by click on LIKE. The structure is 50 feet high (15.24 meters), 35 feet (10.67 meters) wide and 40 feet long (12.19 meters) long. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Kaaba during hajj. The Bāb ut-Tawbah—on the right wall (right of the entrance) opens to an enclosed staircase that leads to a hatch, which itself opens to the roof. [10] Circumambulation was often performed naked by men and almost naked by women. Several idols were placed within the Kaaba representing deities of different aspects of nature and different tribes. (bukhari :3020) La maison… [9] Alfred Guillaume, in his translation of the Ibn Ishaq's seerah, says that the Kaaba itself might be referred to in the feminine form. L’intérieur de la kaaba est quasiment vide. The interior contains nothing but the three pillars supporting the roof and a number of suspended silver and gold lamps. He secured a peace treaty with them, the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which allowed the Muslims to freely perform pilgrimage at the Kaaba from the following year. 'Abdullah rebuilt it to include the hatīm. Many Muslim and academic historians stress the power and importance of the pre-Islamic Mecca. [13] The others also allegedly had counterparts of the Black Stone. Several rituals were adopted in the pilgrimage including doing naked circumambulation. The Kaaba is the holiest site in Islam,[73] and is often called by names such as the Bayt Allah (Arabic: بيت الله, romanized: Bayt Allah, lit. Constructed of gray stone and marble, it is oriented so that its corners roughly correspond to the points of the compass. Choisissez parmi des contenus premium Kaaba de la plus haute qualité. In 930 the Black Stone itself was carried away by an extreme Shiʿi sect known as the Qarmatians and held almost 20 years for ransom. [8] There were paintings of idols decorating the walls. Located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, it is the holiest shrine in Islam. Since he lived in tents, he built that place for the worship of God and for the offering of sacrifices. The Qurʾān says of Abraham and Ishmael that they “raised the foundations” of the Kaaba. La Kalima al Tawhid que l’on peut croiser presque partout, insiste sur l’identité islamique de l’Etat ; les noms d’Abu Bakr, Omar, Othman et Ali que l’on peut voir sur le voile de la Kaaba, sur le portique du Masjid Al Haram, etc. Each numbered item in the following list corresponds to features noted in the diagram image. Bukhari rapporte que Jarîr a dit: «Le messager de Dieu me dit: "Ne vas-tu pas me débarrasser de thu-l-Khalasa?" By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. During Muhammad's lifetime (570–632 CE), the Kaaba was considered a holy site by the local Arabs. Crone believes that this is an exaggeration and that Mecca may only have been an outpost for trading with nomads for leather, cloth, and camel butter. [8], al-Azraqi provides the following narrative on the authority of his grandfather:[8], I have heard that there was set up in al-Bayt (referring to the Kaaba) a picture (Arabic: تمثال, romanized: Timthal, lit. The Kaaba and the Mataaf are surrounded by pilgrims every day of the Islamic year, except the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, known as the Day of Arafah, on which the cloth covering the structure, known as the Kiswah (Arabic: كسوة, romanized: Kiswah, lit. Note: The major (long) axis of the Kaaba has been observed to align with the rising of the star Canopus toward which its southern wall is directed, while its minor axis (its east–west facades) roughly align with the sunrise of summer solstice and the sunset of winter solstice.[71][72]. During Muhammad’s early ministry, the Kaaba was the qiblah, or direction of prayer, for the Muslim community. La Kaaba (cube en arabe) est située à La Mecque, lieu saint de l'Islam, en Arabie saoudite.. C'est un édifice (15 mètres de haut et 12 mètres par 12 mètres au sol) construit en pierre de couleur grise.Aussi appelée par les musulmans « la maison de Dieu », elle est située au centre du lieu le plus sacré en islam : la mosquée Masjid el-Haram. They are also to chant the Basmala and Takbir each time they complete one revolution. Pendant le hajj, elle est remplacée par un drap blanc pour s'a… [9] However, by the time of Muhammad's era, it seems that the Kaaba was venerated as the shrine of Allah, the High God. La kaaba et ses légendes Beaucoup de villes du moyen-orient avaient leur temple cubique, leur kaaba. Updates? A statue of Hubal (the principal idol of Mecca) and statues of other pagan deities are known to have been placed in or around the Kaaba. According to Muslim tradition, the Kaʿbah was built by Abraham. [7] Various sculptures and paintings were held inside the Kaaba. Muslims orient themselves toward this shrine during the five daily prayers, bury their dead facing its meridian, and cherish the ambition of visiting it on pilgrimage, or hajj, in accord with the command set out in the Qurʾān. Kaaba, small shrine located near the center of the Great Mosque in Mecca and considered by Muslims everywhere to be the most sacred spot on Earth. 'The Cube', Arabic pronunciation: ), also spelled Ka'bah or Kabah, sometimes referred to as al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah (Arabic: ٱلْكَعْبَة ٱلْمُشَرَّفَة , romanized: al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah, lit. ; Kaʿba. Located in the eastern corner of the Kaaba is the Black Stone of Mecca, whose now-broken pieces are surrounded by a ring of stone and held together by a heavy silver band. Dimensions : Elle mesure 14 x47m, couvrant une surface de 658 m². The Kaaba (Arabic: ٱلْكَعْبَة , romanized: al-Kaʿbah, lit. Professor Juan Cole is of the opinion that the inscription is likely from the second century A.H. (c. 718 – 815 AD). The Kaaba has been repaired and reconstructed many times. Another stone was the Maqam Ibrahim, the Station of Abraham, where Abraham stood for elevation while building the structure. Caretakers anoint the marble cladding with the same scented oil used to anoint the Black Stone outside. Behold! [58] He performed the Hajj in 632 CE called the Hujjat ul-Wada' ("Farewell Pilgrimage") since Muhammad prophesied his impending death on this event.[59]. Corrections? La Kaaba est un lieu sacré du culte musulman au sein de la mosquée al-Haram, à la Mecque, en Arabie Saoudite. [3][4] According to the Saudi Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, 6,791,100 pilgrims arrived for the Umrah pilgrimage in the Islamic year 1439 AH,[a] a 3.6% increase from the previous year, with 2,489,406 others arriving for the 1440 AH Hajj. The Kaaba has since been the focal point of Muslim piety. Très peu de décoration, les … Omissions? Poids : environ 700 kg, dont 670 kg de soie, 120 kg d’or et 50 kg d’argent pour les transcriptions qui la décorent. Rock inscriptions from early Islam: Documentary evidence for the Kaaba. The Black Stone is said to have been given to the patriarch Abraham by the Archangel Gabriel. Les parois des murs sont quant à elles tapissées d’un ensemble de pièces de tissus de … It states that the Kaaba was the first House of Worship for mankind, and that it was built by Ibrahim and Ismail on Allah's instructions.[24][25][26]. When the idol was moved inside the Kaaba, it had seven arrows in front of it, which were used for divination. Tawaf (Arabic: طَوَاف, lit. The Kaaba returned to the cube shape it had taken during Muhammad's time. [16] To maintain peace among the perpetually warring tribes, Mecca was declared a sanctuary where no violence was allowed within 30 kilometres (20 mi) of the Kaaba. Muslims initially considered Jerusalem as their qibla, or prayer direction, and faced toward it while offering prayers; however, pilgrimage to the Kaaba was considered a religious duty though its rites were not yet finalized. The Prophet started striking them with a stick he had in his hand and was saying, "Truth has come and Falsehood has vanished..." (Qur'an 17:81)", Al-Azraqi further conveys how Muhammad, after he entered the Kaaba on the day on the conquest, ordered all the pictures erased except that of Maryam, Shihab (said) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) entered the Kaaba on the day of the conquest, and in it was a picture of the angels (mala'ika), among others, and he saw a picture of Ibrahim and he said: "May Allah kill those representing him as a venerable old man casting arrows in divination (shaykhan yastaqsim bil-azlam)." Then he saw the picture of Maryam, so he put his hands on it and he said: "Erase what is in it [the Kaaba] in the way of pictures except the picture of Maryam. Apart from praying, Muslims generally consider facing the Qibla while reciting the Quran to be a part of good etiquette. The Ka'aba (literally "the cube" in Arabic) is an ancient stone structure that was built and re-built by prophets as a house of monotheistic worship. When the month of pilgrimages (Dhū al-Ḥijjah) is over, a ceremonial washing of the Kaaba takes place; religious officials as well as pilgrims take part. [74][75] and Bayt Allah al-Haram (Arabic: بيت الله الحرام, romanized: Bayt Allah il-Haram, lit. Die struktuur self is bedek met ’n swart behangsel wat met goud versier is. Pilgrimage to a holy site is a core principle of almost all faiths. Most Arabs probably viewed this deity as one among many, possessing powers not specific to a particular tribe; others may have identified this figure with…, In Muhammad’s view, the Kaʿbah had been dedicated to the aniconic worship of the one God (Allāh) by Abraham, who fathered the ancestor of the Israelites, Isḥāq (Isaac), as well as the ancestor of the Arabs, Ismāʿīl (Ishmael). Les versets/expressions qui reflètent le dogme fondamental de l’Islam. "[40] In Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam, Patricia Crone argues that the identification of Macoraba with Mecca is false and that Macoraba was a town in southern Arabia in what was then known as Arabia Felix. Sur environ un km2. Undefined decorations, money and a pair of ram's horns were recorded to be inside the Kaaba,. We gave the site, to Ibrahim, of the (Sacred) House, (saying): "Associate not anything (in worship) with Me; and sanctify My House for those who compass it round, or stand up, or bow, or prostrate themselves (therein in prayer). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Tchadinfos vous propose 5 points pour la comprendre. During the Hajj of 930 CE, the Shi'ite Qarmatians attacked Mecca under Abu Tahir al-Jannabi, defiled the Zamzam Well with the bodies of pilgrims and stole the Black Stone, taking it to the oasis in Eastern Arabia known as al-Aḥsāʾ, where it remained until the Abbasids ransomed it in 952 CE. Zamzam water mixed with rose perfume is splashed on the floor and is wiped with palm leaves. [53], At the culmination of his mission,[54] in 630 CE, after the allies of the Quraysh, the Banu Bakr, violated the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, Muhammad conquered Mecca. Setting aside any tribal feuds, they would worship their gods in the Kaaba and trade with each other in the city. En moyenne, 75 personnes y sont inhumées par jour, donc plus de 27 000 par an. ", In her book Islam: A Short History, Karen Armstrong asserts that the Kaaba was officially dedicated to Hubal, a Nabatean deity, and contained 360 idols which probably represented the days of the year. The Kaaba with the signature minarets. 'The Sacred House of Allah'). A l’intérieur de la Kaaba, qui se trouve au centre la grande mosquée de la Mecque, trois piliers soutiennent le plafond. [2] The area around the Kaaba on which pilgrims circumambulate is called the Mataaf. Kaaba (Larabci ٱلْـكَـعْـبَـة Ka'abah) ana kuma kiran ta da al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah (Larabci ٱلْـكَـعْـبَـة الْـمُـشَـرًّفَـة Daki mai tsarki), wani ginannen daki ne a birnin Makka na kasar Saudiyya mai matukar tsarki a tsakani Misulmai.
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